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Things That I Remember 



At Ninety-five. 



By Mrs. Olive Cleaveland Clarke, 



18^1 



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EDMUND J.CLEVELAND. 

Se^ratnn- 



October, 3, 1870. 

I was born September 2G, 1785, in the town of Williamsburg. 
My father, Nehemiah Cleaveland, was born in Mansfield, Conn., hi>; 
father moved with his famil}^ to Williamsburg in 17G9. There 
were four sons, and one daughter who was married to Asaph 
Wales. He died in the revolutionary war. She was twice married 
afterwards, and brought up two families of children, but never had 
an}' of her own. One son never married, the other three married, 
and had large families. 

My father married Hannah, daughter of Jacob and Beulah Par- 
sons of Northampton, who had eleven children, four sons, and 
seven daughters. M3' grandmother had triplets, one son and two 
daughters. They were baptized in church. The son died in in- 
fancy, one daughter at the age of seventeen, one lived to the ago 
of 8G, and had a large family' of children. 

My grandfather had but one son who lived to mature age. At 
that time, there were public schools in Northampton for boys, but 
none for females, girls were not much esteemed in those days. My 
grandfather had to educate his seven daughters, and help to edu- 
cate other people's sons. There were no schoolhouses for girls. 
Some female in the neighborhood was hired as teacher, and slic 
provided a room for the school, sometimes the parlor, sometimes a 
chamber. Such things have taken place since my remembrance. 
A cousin of mine came from Northampton to Williamsburg to at- 
tend a district school, because tliere was none in Northampton. 
She boarded at my father's. I think that must have been about 
eighty-three or eight3'-four 3'ears ago. 

M}' grandfather's son and six daughters wore married, and had 
families. 

People in Northampton lived ver}' economically in those days. 
They ate bread and milk for breakfast and supper, boiled Indian 
pudding for dinner, with meat and vegetables. Those who were 



poor, and could not have milk, ate bean porridge. It was consid- 
ered a sin to drink tea in war-time, as some said it occasioned the 
war. 

Tliere were but very few time pieces in the town. I remember 
when my grandmother used to look at the sun-dial which was 
nailed on the well-curb, to see about getting dinner. When the 
sun did not shine, she guessed at the time. 

Northampton were an independent people, mosth' farmers. 
They raised all their produce, made almost all their cloth, and did 
all their own work. 

My grandfather gave each of his daughters, three hundred dol- 
lars when the}' were married, to fit them for housekeeping. M3' 
mother was married during the Revolutionar}- war. I have heard 
her say that she did not have more than half as much as her sister 
had, who was married before the war came on, on account of every 
thing being so much dearer, which made it ver\' unfortunate for 
her. 

The da}' m}' mother was married, after the ceremon}', the wed- 
ding part}' went to my father's home in Williamsburg. My mother 
road on a pillion, behind my father's brother. It was not the fash- 
ion for the bride to ride with the groom. They had to ride through 
Mill River without a bridge. 

My mother carried a letter of recommendation from the church 
in Northampton to the church in Williamsburg. Some members of 
the church were unwilling to receive her, because they thought the 
church in Northampton not a pure church, but I think they re- 
ceived her. 

My parents had twelve children, ten daughters, and two sons. 
One daughter died in infancy, one at the age of ten years, one at 
eight. Seven daughters and two sons lived to marry and have 
families. 

We generally had good schools, summer and v.inter. I used to 
attend through thick and thin. 



8 

My father always provided means for his family to attend eliuich. 
When they became so nnmerous that they conld not be accommo- 
dated, he got a two-horse carriage, which would take eight of us. 
Most people rode on horse-back, two on a horse, generally a man 
and wife rode together, and carried the baby if they had one. In 
winter we went in a sleigh. We hardly' ever failed of going. 
When the weather was tedious, and we rode two and a half miles 
to church, and then sat in a cold house, without fire, cushions, or 
carpets, and heard a sermon an hour long, we suffered very much. 
It is a wonder we lived through it. 

Rev Joseph Strong was the minister in Williamsburg in my 
youthful days. He was very aged, and rather a dull preacher. 
His wife was brought up a lady, and did not know how to spin ! 
Mr. Strong taught his daughters that art. Mrs. Strong had two 
dozen pewter platters when she was married. Parson Strong died 
of starvation. His throat gi-ew up so that he could take nothing 
but liquids for a long time before his death. 

While there was no settled pastor in Williamsburg, Dr. Lyman 
of Hatfield came to a<lminister the sacrament, and he baptized six 
children, all hoys. My youngest brother was one of them. 

llev. Henry Lord was ordained pastor of the church in Williams- 
burg, in June, 1804. 

I taught school in the Nash district in 1^05, and in Northamp- 
ton in 1807 and 1808. There was but one church in Northamp- 
ton at that time. The school house where I taught, stood about 
where the Court House now is. 

His excellency Caleb Strong was then governor of the state. A 
gentleman from Boston told me that he was surprised to see that 
the Governor had neither cushions or carpets in his pew in church. 
The Governor used to go to Boston often, on his official business. 
He went with his own carriage, and it took two or three days to 
perform the journey. He had particular places to stop over night, 
but at one time niiiht overtook him before he reached his u^:ual 



6 

stopping place, so lie put up where he could find a place of enter- 
tainment. He took supper with the family. A large dish of bread 
and milk was set in the center of the table, and each had a spoon, 
and dipped from the same dish. The Governor told the matron he 
would prefer a dish b}- himself , as he might get more than his share, 
but she thought there w^as no danger, and did not gratify- him. 

The first time I saw my husband was in 1808. We went up Mt. 
Ilolyoke, with some others. We went up on the North side, in a 
little foot path, and pulled ourselves up by the bushes. 

I w^as married to Mr. Richard Clarke of Northampton, May 25, 
1809. There were a good]}' number at the wedding, I think none 
of those who were there, are now living, except my brother and 
two sisters. We came to Chesterfield the same day, and a cold 
day it was. We found the house full when we arrived, the neigh- 
bors had been invited, and had come to welcome us. We soon 
formed an acquaintance, and found the people kind and friendh'. 

There were man}' large families here on the mount, at that time, 
numbering from ten to fourteen each. The schools were large. 
The teacher was required to teach six whole days in a week. 

Rev. Isaiah Waters was pastor of the church we attended. Rev. 
Asa Todd was minister of the Baptist church. 

To go to Northampton we must pass through a turnpike gate, 
and pay toll, and also to Worthington. 

When we first came to Chesterfield, we kept two horses, and 
rode on horse-back, but soon after, my husband got a one-horse 
wagon, which was the first in the town. 

Dr. Robert Starkweather was the physician in this town many 
years. He died at the age of 03 years. 

There have been six or eight suicides in this place, since I lived 
here, and as many deaths by accident. Twelve dwelling houses 
liave been burned, besides other buildings. There were formerly 
four taverni=^ in this town. 



About the year 1827, a new road was laid out from Worthing- 
ton to Chesterfield, whieh was a great improvement. A number of 
stages passed through the town dailj", as it was the main road 
from Boston to Albany'. 

The people had great training days to prepare for war, and to 
get drunk. One of our neighbors had a bullet shot through his 
hat on his head in a sham fight. 

Deacon Halbert lived in the Avest part of the town many years 
since. He sent his bo}' with a goose to a poor woman, for cook- 
ing. She asked where the salt was to cook it with? He said he 
had brought none. She said '4ie was a prett}' deacon, to send a 
goose and no salt." 

When people rode on horse-back, it was necessary for every 
family to have a horse-block. A large one stood at the end of the 
church in Chesterfield. It was ten or twelve feet in length, made 
from a tree hewed square, with steps at each end. It would ac- 
commodate a number at a time. Rev. Mr. Allen, who was pastor 
of the church one centur}' since, used to ride to church on horse- 
back, with his wife on a pillion behind him. One da}' he rode up 
to the horse-block, and she could not get on. He tried again and 
again, and she did not succeed. He rode home and left her to 
walk. 

A neighbor of mine told mo that Avhon her children were young, 
she used to go on horse-back to make visits, taking one child in her 
lap, and two behind her, and go with all safety. At one time I 
was on horse-back alone, with my babe in ni}' arms, when to my 
astonishment the bit in the mouth of the horse broke and drop- 
ped down, I was in a sad predicament. I spoke to the horse to 
stop, which he did. I then called aloud for help, and was heard 
by the neighbors, and was soon relieved. 

I will name some of the large families which I know when I first 
came to Chesterfield. Mr. Isaac Buck had eleven children. Col. 
Patrick Bryant had eight sons, and two daughters. IMr. Abijah 



8 

Whitton had ten dangliters, and two sons, Deacon Macomber had 
eight sons, and four daughters. Mr. Samuel Reed had ten children. 
Mr. Luke Thayer had nine sons, and five daughters. Mr. Stephen 
Baker had eight sons and three daughters. Mr. Samuel Rhoades 
had eioht sons and four daughters. Mr. Joel Warner had nine sons 
and five daughters. Mr. Carr had nine daughters and five sons. Mr. 
Eli Bryant had seven daughters and five sons. Mr. Isaac Tower had 
twelve sons, and four daughters, Mr. Asahel Bryant had twenty- 
one children. Mr. John Burnell had seven sons and three daugh- 
ters. 

In 1809, a family from this town, started in June for a home in 
the northern part of the state of New York. There were a gen- 
tleman and his wife, more than 80 years old, with their son and 
his family. The^' went with an ox team, and were six weeks on 
the road, but they all lived to see tlie promised land, which the}' 
had owned many years. 

Many families have gone from this town to the far west since I 
lived here. The inhabitants have diminished some hundreds in 
seventy years. Many houses have been demolished, and farms left 
uncultivated. 

The people here do not give up their religious privileges. The}' 
have a good church, and regular preaching of the gospel. There 
was a flourishing Baptist church when I first came here. 

ArKiL 14, 1880. 

I have lived long in the world, and am now in the 95th year of 
m}' age, great changes have taken place since my childhood days. 
One generation after another have passed awa}', and another has 
risen up to take their place. 

All kinds of labor w^ere then done in the hardest wa}'. Cook- 
ing was done b}^ a fireplace, and baking in a brick oven. Spin- 
ning and weaving were done by hand, as was knitting stockings 
and mittens. Cardino: wool was done by hand, until about 1800, 



9 

^^ilcn machines were brought into use for it. There were no facto- 
ries in the country for making cloth. Common people could not 
afford to have man}* calico dresses at a time, as they were very ex- 
pensive. People geuerall}' lived on rye and Indian corn. They 
had but little >yheat. There \Yere no people at the west to raise it 
for them, and no conveyance to bring it if there had been. 

It was a great undertaking to move three hundred miles into the 
state of New York, to go through swamps when they would get so 
deep in mud that it was difficult to get out. 

About the year 1795, an uncle and aunt of mine, went out to 
Genesee Count}-, in a sleigh, to visit relatives. It was said the}' 
were the first people that ever went out there to visit friends. 

In 1817, ni}' father moved to Skaneateles, about two hundred 
miles west. In 1820, my husband and I started one Monda}- in 
September to visit ni}' parents. We travelled six days before we 
reached the place of our destination. I cannot tell how warmly 
we were welcomed by our friends. I had two married sisters liv- 
ing in Skaneateles at that time. Our friends (tarried us to Aul)urn. 
^^c went into the State prison, and saw some of the prisoners. 
We saw the foundation wall of the Theological Seminary, which 
Avas going up at that time, where my brother said they would man- 
ufacture ministers. 

Our friends went with us about seven miles distance, to see the 
canal. It was not completed, but boats began to run a part of the 
way. A boat was expected soon at the place where we were, so 
we went some distance to meet it, and came back on the boat, 
which was something worth telling. 

J\Iy father died in 1843, aged 00 3'ears and six months. ]My 
mother died in 18G1. She was 104 3'ears and seven months' old. 
We had a family gathering to celebrate my mother's one hundredtli 
birthday. Seven daugliters and one son were present, besides many 
grandchildren, and other relatives. M3- mother attended church the 
next Sabbath, vvith her eight children. She had remarkablv iiood 



10 

health, never having any ails about her. One of her sisters lived to 
the age of 91) 3"ears and one month, another lived to the age of 98. 

I have heard my mother say that when she was young, the law 
was that a person who committed suicide should be buried in a 
crotch of the road, Avithout a coffin, and have a stake driven through 
the bod}'. 

Carpets were not in use about here in my childhood. When I 
was married, in 1809, I think there was not a carpet in the town 
of Williamsburg or Chesterfield, and not many in Northampton. 
I never saw a carpet until I was more than 18 years old. 

Some years since, a little girl in this town went to church for the 
first time. When she reached home, some one asked her who she 
saw there. She said she saw God, thinking the minister was God. 
AVhen I was young, I did not think the minister was God, 
but thought him next to llim. 

AVhen I was 3'oung, there was but one piano in Northampton, 
and an organ v.as an unheard of thing. 

Some 3'ears ago, I heard an old lady say that she in her 3-ounger 
days went to see the city of Boston, and as she rode through the 
street, she was accosted many times b}' Avomen who came out of 
their houses and asked, "Hnve you butter, ma'am? Have you but- 
ter, ma'am?" 

My father and brother have taken the Hampshire Gazette ever 
since it was first published in 1785, tlie year I was born. 

In 1859, we celel)rated our Golden Wedding. A large number 
of our relatives came, some from the state of New York, some 
from Deerfield, Plainfield, and other places. A part}" from North- 
ampton came with an old stage coach, which had been used man}' 
years before on the I'oad from Boston to Albany, which brought 
many recollections of old times. Our house was filled with guests. 
We received many nice presents from our friends. 

I had six sisters, and two l)rothers married. None of them lived 
with their com])anions long enough to have a Golden AYedding. 



11 

We celebrated the GOth niiinverstir}' of our marriage, May 2otb, 
18G9. Many friends came to congratulate us, and we had many 
presents. Brother John Clarke sent two five dollar gold pieces, of 
the first coinage of gold in this country. They had been in the ^ 
family many 3'ears. 

On my 90th birthday, a few frii^nds came in, and among the rest, 
Mr. William Cullen Bryant and daughter. They made me a pres- 
ent of a Shetland shawl. 

I saw at a neighbors a few years since, a Bible which was in the 
bosom of a soldier, in a battle of the last war. It had a bullet 
hole in it which came from the enemy's gun. It penetrated but 
little way through it. 

In 1802, there was a snow storm which continued five da3-s and 
nights without intermission. It was six feet deep, and there was 
not a fence to be seen. People who rode out in a sleigh, carried 
shovels to break a track when th.ey met a team. In 1804 there 
was another great snow storm, and wind which drifted it, so that 
it was six feet above the top of the lower room windows in my 
father's house. 

I have heard my father say many times, when he thought a thing 
impossible, that it was as much impossible as it would be to build 
a bridge across Connecticut river. 

M3' grandmother once told me that when she was young, and 
lived in Connecticut, there was on one Sabbath a contribution in 
church. Each one put into the box what he had to give. One old 
man went up and said, *' Silver and gold have I none, but such as 
I have I give thee," and took off his old wig, and put it in the box. 

1 will write something about m}' ancestors. Joseph Parsons 
married Mary Bliss in 1G4G. They lived in Northampton. She 
was accused of being a witch. Mary Bartlett died, and Mrs. Par- 
sons was accused of having caused her death b}' witchcraft. The 
County Court sat in Springfield, and Samuel Bartlett produced 



12 

some testimony on oath against Mary Parsons. Siie, knowing 
what was being done, did not wait for a summons, but voluntarily 
appeared before the court, and spoke for herself, saving that the 
righteous God knew her innocence, with whom she left her cause. 
The Court appointed a committee of chaste women to examine her 
person for marks of witchcraft. They then sent all the testimony 
to Boston, and Mary was summoned to appear there. The Grand 
Jury found an indictment agidnst her, and she was imprisoned un- 
til the trial, which was about ten weeks. She was accused of en- 
tering into familiarity with the devil. She pleaded not guilty, 
and was discharged. She was a proud, high spirited woman, and 
her husband was one of the wealth}' men of Northampton. 

In 180G there was a total eclipse of the sun. It was in June, 
at about 11 o'clock. The day was clear and free from clouds. 
The sun was hidden from our view, the air was chilly and damp 
like evening, stars were to be seen, fowls were affrighted and hur- 
ried to their roosts. There seemed to be a great change in the 
weather after the eclipse. It was cool through the season. 

In my youthful days, there were but two or three stores in North- 
ampton. These stood in shop row, as it was called. The build- 
ings were small, one story high. I remember seeing the moss that 
grew on the roofs of the stores. M}' mother went to one of these 
stores to purchase calico for a dress. The merchant did not take 
down his goods and exhibit them, as is done now. My mother 
pointed to a piece on the shelf that she would like to look at. The 
merchant wished her to promise slio would purchase it, if lie took 
it down. 

Mr. Hallock, who was the minister of Plainlield many year;^ 
since, used to take scholars to educate, and fit them for college. 
He charged one dollar a week, for board, tuition, and washing. 
His salary for preaching was two or three hundred dollars a yeai-. 
He laid up money enough to carry two of his sons through college. 



13 

Mr Halloek used to smoke. One da}', two or three of his schol- 
ars went to the store, and returned with a long pipe for each of 
them, and sat down to smoke, this looked so disgusting to Mr. 
Halloek, that he told them if they would give up smoking he would, 
which the}' all agreed to do. Mr. Halloek once made an exchange 
with Mr. Waters of Chesterfield. He came Saturday. He said 
in the pulpit the next day, that he saw boys playing ball, vSatur- 
(h\y after sunset, on that wicked hill. 

September 20, 188(h 
We celebrated my birthday on the 2Gth of this month, with a 
few friends from abroad. It was a very interesting time to me. 
It brought to my mind many scenes which I had passed through 
during my long life, and the great changes that have taken place 
since my childhood days. I have outlived my generation, and feel 
like a stranger here. 

Our house was built in 1828, on the same place v>here the old 
house stood. We lived in the school house near us, while it was 
in building. The desks and seats were taken down, and we got 
along as we could. The day we inoved out of the ohl house, while 
the workmen were tearing it down, I was cooking dinner by the 
fire place. A neighbor came in, and said he had heard of people 
having their house torn down over their heads, but never savr it 
done before. The workmen slept in the corn-house. We had a 
cooking stove out of doors. The district put off the school two 
weeks to accommodate us. 

When I was an infant, a few months old, my parents went to 
Amherst, to attend an ordination, and carried me. In descending 
a hill, the harness broke. My father saw that they were in dan- 
ger, and reined his horses against a tree, and turned over his load 
to save them from a worse fate. No one was hurt much. One of 
my mother's earrings was found in my clothing. Babies used to 
r.ttond ordinations, and all public places, when I wa> young. The 



14 

saying is, "every generation grows wiser.'* In many things there 
is a great improvement. 

When I commenced attending school, Miss Esther Ludden was 
teacher. She taught seven summers in succession. We hardly knew 
we could have any other. She was a ver}' good woman, and taught 
us many good things. She would go through ''the Catechism" 
every Saturday' forenoon, but I think we did not understand it 
much. She used to take her Testament, and go out into the woods 
at noon, and eat her dinner. She tamed a squirrel, so that it 
would come and take dinner with her. At the close of school at 
night, she would count the scholars, and tell the number. Some- 
times she would saj', "Forty and two, just as manv as the bears 
tore to pieces for mocking Elisha." 

I well remember hearing the bell toll for the dei\th of General 
Washington, who died in 1799. It commenced tolling about 
eleven o'clock in the morning, and continued tolling a long, long 
time. 

My husband died June 29, 187G, aged 90 3'ears and six months. 
We had lived together sixty seven years, "In hope of eternal life." 



a ] 
a 1 

ingj 
maniiesL mat ii is 
Pope can long resist 



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NEW-YORS, MONDAY, MARCH 21, 1881. 



., ever since the civil 
;erest to visitors from 
;|2ave had kinsmen and 
hile not a few of them 
cerated vrithin its walls. 
) through the buildine. 
ecially since the other 
Ihunder, was destroyed 
;en so great as to put 
iinit to no little incon- 
jre would be a hundred 
(ll wanted to see every 
torrupted.the work of. 



^' 



tobacco factory, whicb 
D.? the callers have been, 
Jjrtion of relic-hunters, 
chmond without carry- 
he noted prison. Intent 
d knocK: a brick or part 
lit a piece of wood from 
.'rest cut one of the iron 
iratic industry that the 
:irely carried off in time. 
IS signs were in conse- 
e public that anybody 
Id be dealt with accord- 
• j the chipping and dis- 
l \)Y stealth, and the 
still besieged with 
,rs of the tobacco 
end, and finally decided 
"r annoyance. For some 
the building, knowing 
to contend. At last 
lertilizing company took 
[be thing in which they 
ktnusiasm and curiosity 
fapital of the Confeder- 
liver-busy hands of relic- 
!. The old brick pile at 
^entieth-street is still an 
'^tMl visited, though to a 
t was a tobi-'cco factory. 
' tain distances the senses 
; d women who have the 
ll recollections of the 
away after a glance or 
ons of the fertilizers. ?fo 
withstand a given amount 
scores of romp.ntic wom- 
esolved to stand on the 
other, lover, or husband 
•erlsh nights, htve been 



An old lady in Western Massachusetts, Mrs. 
Olive Cleaveland Clarke, of 95 years of age, has 
lately published a brief memorial of the social con- 
dition of that part of the country in the latter por- 
tion of the last, and the early part of the present, 
century. As might have been expected, she has 
given a number of incidents which have not the 
leaj-t general interest; but, as the pamphlet was in- 
tended for private circulation, it would be unfair 
to take exception to this defect. A few of the 
points made by her are of value as Illustrating the 
changed condition of social life. At the first of the 
present century the towns in Western Massachu- 
setts were, relatively, old settlements; that is. most 
of them had been in existence nearly, or quite, 150 
, i-ears, but the maniifir of livinp was exeeaaivelv 



simple and meagre. In the families of well-to-do 
people, in such a town as Northampton, bread and 
milk was the regular diet for breakfast and supper. 
while the poor who could not afford to use wheat 
flour and milk made their morning and evenina 
meals on bean porridge. But to have meat mora 
than once a day would have been looked upon as 
a sinrjl extravagance. Mrs. Ct arke's father was , 
a fairly prosperous man, and during her youth she 
seems' to have made visits in a number of the 
different towns of the district- but she says 
that she was 18 years old when she first saw a cax^ 
pet, An incident she relates about the Hon. Ca« 
LEB Strong, an early Governor of the State ol 
Massachusetts, is characteristic of this same sim< 
pUcity of American life. The Governor used to 
travel from his home in Berkshire County to Bos< 
ton in his private carriage, taking three days for 
the trip. He had defined stopping-places for stay- 
ing over night, but on one occasion having been 
delayed he was compelled to spend the night at a 
private house on the road. The supper consisted 
of a large bowl of oread and milk, and the guest 
ana family were merely provided with spoons with 
which to supply themselves from this common 
dish. This method was a trifle too simple for the 
Governor, who suggested that it would be well to 
put his portion in a separate dish, as otherwise he 
might eat more than his share, but the host replied 
that they were willing to take that risk, and the 
guest was thus forced to supply himself as best ha 
could. Another interesting feature in Mrs. Clarke's 
narrative is the evidence it gives of the prolific 
character of the New-Encland stock three or four 
generations ago. She gives the names of eleven res- 
idents of the little village of Chesterfield, where 
she lived in 1808, who each had from ten to twen- 
ty-oue children. It would be difficult to find in a 
large town in Massachusetts at the present time a 
single family of ten or more children where the 

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